The secret of ancient knowledge. Why did ancient knowledge become a secret?

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Who were our ancestors? This question seemed to have been answered long ago. The answer assumes a gradual - from processed stone to a space rocket, from generation to generation - development of people's ideas about the world around them, a gradual accumulation of knowledge.

In our ingrained views of the past, the ancestor of the Neolithic has always been presented in the image of a shaggy little kid who, with a club at the ready, hooting and scratching himself, pursues a frightened and fleeing mammoth. It seemed that his entire life aspiration was reduced only to the prosaic obtaining of his daily bread.

But as archeology, paleontology and other sciences developed, unexpected discoveries fell one after another. Discoveries that force us to rethink our ideas about the mental abilities and technical capabilities of people and nations that have long gone into oblivion.

It turned out that the people of antiquity were well versed in astronomy, were excellent engineers and metallurgists, knew the secrets of the human body, and in their free time from hunting they built multi-ton stone computers. Where did our ancestors come from such knowledge? Who were the teachers of the ancient Egyptians, Babylonians, Hindus, Chinese, and Greeks? Born in antiquity and declining during the Middle Ages, science was rediscovered by the Arabs, restored during the Renaissance and developed by the scientific world of modern times.

“...The world is rectangular in shape and extends from Iberia to India and from Africa to Scythia. Its four sides are formed by high mountains on which the firmament rests. The earth is a giant chest, and on its lid are all the seas and countries. The sky is the lid of this chest, and the mountains are its walls.” Such a naive idea of \u200b\u200bthe Earth was set out in the “Christian Topography”, written in the 6th century. But a thousand years before that, people had more accurate ideas about the Earth. Pythagoras (6th century BC) taught in his school that the Earth is spherical. Aristarchus of Samos (3rd century BC) believed that the Earth revolves around the Sun, and Eratosthenes, a librarian from Alexandria (3rd century BC), calculated the circumference of our planet with an accuracy of 30 km.

Until the second half of the 19th century, scientists estimated the age of the Earth at several thousand years, and the ancient books of the Brahmins determined the lifetime of the Earth and our Universe at 4.3 billion years, which is very close to modern estimates. The history of our science has its own ebbs and flows. Waves of development and progress alternated with periods of destruction and persecution. In 1000, the Dominican friar Giordano Bruno was burned alive in the Piazza des Flowers in Rome as a heretic. He argued that there are many suns in space, with planets revolving around them. But this brilliant guess, attributed to Bruno and 400 years ahead of his era, was expressed 2000 years before him. The ancient philosopher Anaximenes, who believed in the many inhabited worlds, told the disappointed Alexander the Great that he had conquered only one Earth, while there were many such Earths in space.

We are currently rediscovering forgotten sciences. 350 years ago, Johannes Kepler precisely determined the cause of the ebb and flow of the tides - due to the attraction of the Moon. And he immediately became the object of persecution and persecution. But already in the 2nd century BC. e. Babylonian astronomer Seleucus spoke about the effect that the Moon has on the waters of the oceans and seas. 100 years before the new era, Posidonius came to the correct conclusion that the tides are associated with the revolution of the Moon around the Earth. 2500 BC e. Chinese astronomers told their emperor that the Earth was floating in space. And 400 years ago, Galileo was condemned by church authorities for similar views. In the 5th century BC. Diogenes of Apollo argued that meteorites move through space and “rarely fall to Earth. And in the 18th century, the French Academy, through the mouth of its pillar Lavoisier, solemnly declared that stones cannot fall from the sky, since there is nothing for them to hold on to.

The engineering and metallurgical knowledge of the ancients is amazing. Due to the political situation in the Middle East, the Suez Canal is practically non-functional. But not everyone knows that this canal is not a new construction. Its construction was started by the Egyptian pharaohs 6 centuries before. e. and continued by the Persian king Darius.

The Great Wall of China was built 22 centuries ago. It was built by 3 million workers over 40 years. The length of the wall is about 2.5 thousand kilometers, height - up to 15 meters. A modern car can easily drive along the wall. 5 thousand years ago, the Egyptian pharaoh Menes carried out a grandiose engineering project to change the course of the Nile River. This case is unprecedented in history. One of the seven wonders of the ancient world was the Alexandria Lighthouse, 135 meters high. The lighthouse was built in 250 BC. e. and existed for about one and a half thousand years until it was destroyed by an earthquake. It was built from white marble on the island of Pharos. On its tower there was a movable mirror that reflected the light so that at night it could be seen from a distance of 400 kilometers. Sunlight was used during the day and fire at night.

Our aeronautical and space engineers have a predecessor in antiquity of Heron with his jet engine. And our first cybernetics were preceded by Daedalus with his automata and robots. Modern science goes back centuries.

An amazing discovery was made in our years in Costa Rica. Here in the jungle, hundreds of perfectly round stone balls with dimensions up to 2.5 meters were discovered. The largest weigh 16 tons. Some groups of balls form geometric shapes, others indicate geographical directions. Giant stone heads weighing up to 40 tons have been found in Mexico. They are placed on stone stands, like Costa Rican balls. The nearest stone quarries are located at a distance of 100 km. These heads were made over 3 thousand years ago.

The iron column in the courtyard of a mosque in Delhi weighs 6 tons and reaches a height of 7.5 meters. For 15 centuries it has been exposed to tropical elements. And yet there is not a speck of rust on it. Obtaining such large monoliths of non-oxidizing iron is still impossible in our time and it is not known when this can be done.

The achievements of South American Indians in metallurgy are also still inexplicable. Figured ornaments made of pure platinum have been found in Ecuador. To make such an ornament, you must first melt it and then give it the desired shape. Platinum smelting in Europe was first carried out 200 years ago at a temperature of about 2000 degrees Celsius. How (not with the help of a lit stick) were the Indians able to reach such a temperature many centuries ago?

In Canada, in the Great Lakes region, copper mines were discovered in the 50s, the age of which, after using radioisotope analysis, was determined to be 6 thousand years. North American Indians were hunters, fishermen, and cattle breeders; they never had any traditions associated with metal mining. But something else is more striking. According to experts, 200 thousand tons of pure metal were mined there. The “biography” of all the copper available in North America is quite well known. When and where was it mined, in what quantities, where is it now? All the numbers more or less agree. But these 200 thousand tons seemed to evaporate. Who mined this copper and where did it disappear in such incredible quantities?

The tomb of the Chinese Emperor Zhou Shu, who lived 1,700 years ago, has presented a new mystery. Spectral analysis of the metal belt from this tomb showed that it was composed of a combination of different metals, including aluminum. Pure aluminum was first obtained in 1825, and they learned to alloy it with other metals much later. So the decoration of a deceased ruler of the third century looks strange and does not fit into the stereotypical scheme of our ideas about antiquity.

A human skull is on display at the Natural History Museum in London. It was found in a cave in Northern Rhodesia and belonged to a man who lived 40 thousand years ago. There is a small round hole on the left side of the skull. There are no radially radiating cracks around it, which are usually present when wounded by a cold weapon. The right side of the skull is broken. The skulls of soldiers killed by rifle bullets have the same appearance. The Paleontological Museum in Moscow houses the skull of a bison that lived hundreds of thousands of years ago. The front has a round hole with no radial cracks. It also looks like a bullet.

Many people have heard about the astronomical knowledge of the ancients. But how they were obtained, where they came from - there is no answer. How were Sumerian astronomers able to calculate the Earth's year with an accuracy of 3 minutes, and the time of the Moon's revolution around the Earth even more accurately? Who gave them the knowledge that made it possible to determine the complete cycle of the stars’ rotation across the sky, which is 25,290 years? One of the museums in Berlin houses a Sumerian signet depicting the solar system. The ancient African tribes - the Dogon - knew about the spiral shape of the Galaxy, about the second dark star in the Sirius system, which was discovered recently using modern optics. The Dogons knew about the satellites of Jupiter and the ring of Saturn. Cave wall paintings have been found in Brittany that have been deciphered as prehistoric astronomical maps. What practical interest was astronomy for Stone Age hunters? A large number of such map drawings have been found, and these discoveries require a revision of views about the intellectual abilities of man in the late Ice Age.

25 centuries before the Lunar Expeditions, Democritus stated: “The marks on the Moon are the shadows of high mountains and deep valleys.” “It is the Moon that blocks the Sun during solar eclipses,” said Anaxagoras. And he was the first to guess that during lunar eclipses the earth's shadow falls on the moon. An ancient Brahman legend says that life on Earth was given birth to by the patriarchs who descended from Lupa. Before Galileo, no one knew about sunspots. But two thousand years before him, Chinese astronomers wrote these messages. Babylonian priests knew about the four largest satellites of Jupiter, discovered using a telescope in 1610. They knew about the satellites of Saturn. But how did they get this information? Heraclitus and the disciples of Pythagoras recognized each star as the center of the planetary system. Democritus believed that Worlds are born and die. Only a few of these worlds near stars are habitable.

So what is it - brilliant guesses or an inheritance received from someone? If these were only assumptions, then why were they the same in the most diverse countries, significantly distant from each other? The ancient inhabitants of England were even more knowledgeable in astronomy than the priests of Egypt or the Sumerians. An incredibly high level of astronomy existed in Ancient Mexico. Modern astronomical data determine the length of the year as 365.2422 days, and the length of the lunar month as 29.53059 days. The ancient Mayans, without chronometers or other precision instruments, obtained the same values with a difference in the fourth decimal place.

We can still somehow admit that people of antiquity could have some idea of the endless depths of space, understand the structure of the surrounding solar system, since this knowledge could be obtained through simple visual observations and comparisons. But there is also evidence that they had knowledge in an area that is not amenable to simple human vision - the area of the microcosm. Moreover, ancient scientists insisted on the unity of structures of the infinitely large and small.

The first to formulate the atomic theory was Democritus, who suggested 2500 years ago that the diversity of the entire world around us is based on the smallest elementary indivisible “bricks” - atoms. “In reality there is nothing but atoms and space,” said the ancient scientist. Another ancient thinker, the Phoenician Moshus, recognizing this fundamental thought of the Greek philosopher, went even further, defending the idea of the divisibility of the atom itself. His version, as we have already seen, was undoubtedly closer to the truth. Leucippus, Epicurus, Lucretius also adhered to the atomic theory. The cornerstone of Einstein's theory of relativity is the thesis - "There is no center of infinity" - expressed by Lucretius in the poem "On the Nature of Things." In the “Emerald Tables of Hermes” - an ancient document dated by historians to 2500 BC. e., - the idea of the unity of space and matter is clearly visible. The Holy Book of the Indians describes the birth of the world as follows: “Like fog, like a cloud of dust was creation.” And here is what modern cosmogony says: “The stage began with the deposition of dust particles in the central equatorial plane of a dense cloud.” Comments, as they say, are unnecessary.

The atomic structure of matter is also mentioned in ancient Brahman papyri. One of them says: “Inside each atom there are vast worlds, as numerous as the grains of dust around the Sun.” Just take it and copy it into a modern atomic physics textbook.

Paying tribute to the genius and insight of ancient scientists, one nevertheless cannot free ourselves from the tormenting question: what led them to the idea of objects that are not visible to the human eye?

The ancient sages understood the danger of using knowledge for destructive purposes. One of the ancient Indian texts describes a “thunderbolt” that turns entire armies into ashes and causes hair and nails to fall out. The English writer E. Thomas in his book “We are not the first” cites an excerpt from the ancient book “Drona Parvo”. Here's what it says: “A fiery tornado was released, emitting the radiance of a smokeless flame. Thick darkness suddenly covered the sky. Clouds swirled in the air, bleeding blood. The world, scorched by the heat of this weapon, seemed to be seized with fever.”

Another passage compares the explosion to the brilliance of ten thousand suns. In India, ancient radioactive skeletons of people and animals continue to be found. At the same time, the radioactive background of the surrounding area was tens of times less. In the Gobi Desert, places covered with ancient molten sand have been discovered. About 3,500 years ago, the Indian city of Mohenjo-Daro was destroyed as a result of a mysterious catastrophe. There are traces of melting on the stones and buildings. The disaster occurred instantly as a result of a powerful explosion accompanied by a blinding light. The destroyed Indian city in many ways resembled the picture of Hiroshima after the explosion of the atomic bomb.

There is another mystery associated with India. The ancient inhabitants of India used the sexagesimal system of time units. They divided the day into 60 kala, each lasting 24 modern minutes. Kala - for 60 vikalas for 24 seconds. Then came other fractions, down to the smallest - kasht, which is one three hundred millionth of a second. Why could the Indians need such an insignificant unit of time, and most importantly, how did they measure it? Now we know for sure that the chestnut is comparable to the lifetime of some nuclear particles. And then?

Now let's talk about an extraordinary discovery, which can also be classified as a challenge to modern scientific ideas.

At the beginning of the 18th century, two strange maps were found in Turkey, dated 1513 and 1528 and compiled from earlier and unknown sources by the Turkish admiral Piri Reis. In 1929, the director of the Istanbul Museum handed them over to American cartographers for study. Almost thirty years of analysis of the maps led to a sensation. Scientists noticed an interesting feature - the maps had all the necessary geographical data, but were not entirely accurate in a flat image. Having then transferred the maps to a round geographical globe, they were completely amazed. It turned out that all the contours of the continents and seas immediately coincided. The shores of North and South America, Greenland, and Antarctica, which no one had any idea about in the 16th century, completely overlapped.

It seems that the Piri Reis maps were compiled using surveys carried out from a great height, from which the spherical shape of the Earth would be visible. The maps contained details (the underwater ridges of Antarctica, its coastal relief) that were only discovered in the 50s of our century. In addition, it turned out that ancient maps turned out to be even more accurate than in these years.

It only remains to add that the modern maps of Antarctica currently available were compiled using seismic methods and gravimetry, since the entire sixth continent has been covered with a thick ice shell up to several kilometers thick for 9-10 thousand years.

Ancient Sanskrit texts are replete with stories about air travel on flying vimanas. The ancient Indian epic "Ramayana" describes the vimana as a two-decker round ship with a porthole and a dome. Judging by the impressions of those traveling, this prehistoric ship could fly at the speed of the wind, hover in the air, and turn sharply. There is mention of fuel having a yellowish-white color. The folklore of all peoples of the world contains strange stories about flying machines - “heavenly chariots” and “flying carpets”. In one of his works, the monk Roger Bacon, who lived in the 13th century, left a strange remark: “... flying machines, both ancient and those that exist today.” Both possibilities seem incredible, although there are plenty of legends and fairy tales involving air travel.

In Chinese chronicles you can find mention of a flight to the moon. It’s impossible to believe, but ancient sources even indicate the date of landing on the Moon of the first astronaut from China - 2309 BC. e. He flew in space where he “could not see the movement of the Sun.” A piquant moment, considering that only by being on the surface of the Earth and experiencing the daily rotation with it, a person will visually experience the sensation of the movement of the Sun from the moment of its sunrise to sunset. Although, as we well know, this visual effect is created due to the rotation of the Earth around its axis. And only in space after separation from the Earth will this effect disappear. Some researchers believe that in past eras, "gods" from space often descended to earth, and that some people were granted the privilege of visiting them and traveling with them.

Whether this is true or not is not so easy to answer now. We know little about the level of science of the ancients, we do not know where their knowledge came from. If the most valuable libraries had not been mercilessly burned in ancient times, our knowledge of vanished civilizations would have looked completely different. After destruction in the 6th century BC. e. By some miracle, the famous Athenian collection of books preserved the poems of Homer that have come down to us. During Caesar's Egyptian campaign, the unique Library of Alexandria, which contained hundreds of thousands of volumes and was both a university and a research center, was burned. The number of books destroyed by the Inquisition in the Middle Ages cannot be determined at all. The invaluable knowledge of the ancient Mayans is forever lost to us after their library in Mexico City was burned by the Spaniards in 1549.

The fate of manuscripts in Asia was not the best. In 213 BC. e. In China, by decree of the emperor, all libraries were destroyed. Countless books were destroyed or lost in other countries. Because of these tragedies, our distant past is a void filled with random and scattered data. And who knows if the answers to the questions posed were not hidden in the lost books...

Vitaly Komissarov

Civilization can be called a certain stage of development of society, which is characterized by its own social classes, writing, crafts and other activities. Historians believe that ancient civilizations contain hidden secrets, many of which have not been revealed.

Ancient civilizations of the world

The first manifestations of civilization, according to research, arose several thousand years ago in Asia, Africa and Europe. Although the ancient civilizations of the earth were formed at different times, the processes of their formation and development have many common features. They became the basis for important discoveries that were the springboard for human progress and cultural development.

Sumerian civilization

Many historians are confident that the Sumerians were the first civilization on earth, which appeared in Mesopotamia more than 6 thousand years ago. Historians have been able to determine the following facts:

The Sumerians were the first civilization on earth to use the ternary system and know Fibonacci numbers.
The legends of this people contain the first descriptions concerning the structure and development of the solar system.
Sumerian manuscripts indicate that modern humans were created through genetic engineering methods approximately 3 thousand years ago.
They had developed statehood, had a court and various governing bodies that were elected by the people
The Sumerians existed for 2 thousand years.

Ancient Mayan civilization

One of the most mysterious peoples, which reminds of itself even in the modern world, such as the famous Mayan calendar, which predicts the end of the world. The secret knowledge of ancient civilizations continues to be studied by scientists, and they were able to determine the following facts:

The Mayans were engaged in the construction of stone cities and huge pyramids, which served as a tomb for the nobility. They grew pumpkins, cotton, various fruits, beans, and so on. These people were engaged in salt mining.
For this people, religion was very important, and the worship of the gods was a cult. The Mayans sacrificed not only animals, but also people.
Ancient civilizations had enormous knowledge in astronomy, for example, the Mayan calendars have survived to this day and their accuracy never ceases to amaze.
The Mayans mysteriously left the earth, and what exactly happened has not yet been established.

Ancient Inca civilization

The largest empire in terms of area and population, which was located in South America. Thanks to historians, a lot of information about this people became known to the public:

Scientists have not been able to find evidence that would tell about the appearance of the Incas, but they are considered the descendants of the early Andean civilization.
The secrets of ancient civilizations indicate that the empire had a clear administrative division and a well-established economy.
It is reliably known that in those days there was no corruption, crimes related to murders and thefts were almost completely absent.
Few ancient civilizations had a postal system, but the Incas had approximately 5-7 thousand postal stations.
This people had their own system of measuring quantities, calendar, architecture and musical culture. The Incan writing system is called the Khipu knot script.

Aztec civilization

The most numerous Indian people living in Mexico are the Aztecs. The history of ancient civilizations is known for the following facts:

The Aztecs were fond of sports and creativity, for example, they are known for their sculptures and pottery.
Education, which children received not only from their parents, but also in schools, was of great importance to these people.
Historians believe that this ancient civilization disappeared not because of numerous wars, but because of smallpox, which claimed the lives of more than 20 million people.
It is worth noting the presence of an advanced system for recording and storing data: tax, historical, religious and other documentation.
The men of this people were allowed polygamy, and poor families sold their children into slavery, and this was not considered something unusual.

Ancient civilization Mesopotamia

Since Mesopotamia territorially occupied a flat area between two rivers: the Euphrates and the Tigris, it was also called Mesopotamia. Some scientists believe that the first inhabitants of the southern territory were the Sumerians, but in fact before that the land was inhabited by other tribes.

Artifacts from ancient civilizations indicate that there were several large settlements on the territory of Mesopotamia.
The local population developed complex religious beliefs and widely used magical rituals.
At that time, Mesopotamia had all the signs of civilization, except writing, but this changed after the Sumerians settled the territory.

Ancient civilization Babylon

In those days, Babylon was the richest and most powerful city, which stood out for its masterpieces of human ingenuity. Not all the secrets of ancient civilizations have been shared, but scientists were able to learn a lot of interesting information:

Trade was of great importance in Babylon, and the products created by these people were extremely popular. This city is considered a “trend setter”.
If a doctor made the wrong diagnosis, his hands were cut off, and prostitution was considered a prestigious profession.
The most famous attraction of that time was the Gardens of Babylon.
The technologies of ancient civilizations made it possible to build incredible buildings, just like the legendary Tower of Babel, which was located in the center of the ancient city.

Mysterious ancient civilizations

There are many unique structures on earth that have a mystical origin, since there is no real way to explain their origin. The secrets of disappeared civilizations continue to baffle many scientists who are trying to get to the bottom of the truth. Psychics and other people who work with energies and have the ability to look into the past claim that ancient civilizations existed.

Hyperborea Civilization

This ancient civilization has another name - Arctida. It is believed that it disappeared, like Atlantis, known to many, due to the Great Flood. The death of ancient civilizations has no real evidence, but a lot of information is known from different peoples, which is largely speculative.

There is a hypothesis that the ancient Hyperboreans were magicians and 20 thousand years ago there was a great battle with the inhabitants of Atlantis, as a result of which the Urals were formed.
The people of Hyperborea were gifted, and they showed themselves creatively in every possible way.
In the encyclopedia, the Hyperboreans are called a fabulous people who lived in a paradise country. People were always forever young, never got sick and enjoyed a happy life.

Civilization Lemuria

If we rely on information from secret sources, then the first ancient civilization was located on a huge continent called Lemuria. Another name is known - Mu. The following is known about this civilization:

It existed for 52 thousand years.
The ancient Lemurians reached 18 m in height and had supernatural abilities.
The reason for the disappearance is a huge earthquake that occurred due to the displacement of the earth's belt.
The legacy of ancient civilizations lies in the science of construction, thanks to which people erected stone buildings.

Hittida Civilization

According to existing legends, in the Indian and Pacific Oceans there was a huge continent - Hittis. It is believed that it was inhabited by the ancestors of modern humanity. Historians have found tablets, the deciphering of which helped to reveal some mysteries of ancient civilizations:

The climate on this land was ideal for human, animal and plant life.
The continent was inhabited by people with yellow, brown, black and white skin. They had supernatural powers and could fly and teleport.
It was important for the people to unite with nature, which gave them strength.
Many ancient civilizations perished due to cataclysms, so Hittis disappeared after the collision of the earth with an asteroid.
According to one version, the continent was inhabited by souls who lived in subtle bodies.

Ancient civilization Pacifida

Some scientists believe that the Pacific Ocean hides many secrets; there is a version that the Pacific continent perished in it. Its existence is spoken of not only by esotericists, but also by researchers who discover traces of ancient civilizations.

It is believed that the earth was inhabited by real giants, whose height reached five meters, or even higher. It is currently impossible to confirm or refute this information.
The giant stone statues of the Moai, which are located on Easter Island, are considered confirmation of the existence of Pacifida. Scientists have not been able to determine what inventions of ancient civilizations made it possible to make such huge statues.
There are several versions explaining the reason for the disappearance of the continent, and according to the most reliable of them, it’s all about the movement of continental plates, which led to the fact that the Pacific Ocean cracked and sank to the bottom of the ocean. It is believed that Easter Island is a part left over from an ancient civilization.

Ancient Civilizations – Atlantis

Since the times of Ancient Greece, the mystery of Atlantis has worried humanity and a huge number of scientists have been trying for 2.5 thousand years to determine its location and history of existence. The first person to write about Atlantis was the philosopher Plato, on whose writings modern researchers rely.

The philosopher points out that the cities of ancient civilization were rich, and he considered the Atlanteans themselves to be the descendants of Poseidon.
The ancient civilizations that disappeared were rich, so the temple of the main deity Poseidon was lined with gold, silver and other metals. On the territory of Atlantis there were many statues of the lord of the sea and his wife, made of gold.
Residents of the mainland had fun with horse racing. The Atlanteans loved to take thermal baths, since there was a source of cold and hot water on the territory.
Atlantis was destroyed due to a huge earthquake and flood.
Many studies were carried out that made it possible to discover temple domes, various buildings and other objects. Crystals were raised from the bottom, which are capable of increasing the energy that is passed through them.

Ancient civilizations of the world

Sumerian civilization

The Sumerians were the first civilization on earth to use the ternary system and know Fibonacci numbers.
The legends of this people contain the first descriptions concerning the structure and development of the solar system.
Sumerian manuscripts indicate that modern humans were created through genetic engineering methods approximately 3 thousand years ago.
They had developed statehood, had a court and various governing bodies that were elected by the people
The Sumerians existed for 2 thousand years.

Ancient Mayan civilization

One of the most mysterious peoples, which reminds of itself even in the modern world, for example, the famous Mayan calendar, which predicts. The secret knowledge of ancient civilizations continues to be studied by scientists, and they were able to determine the following facts:

The Mayans were engaged in the construction of stone cities and huge pyramids, which served as a tomb for the nobility. They grew pumpkins, cotton, various fruits, beans, and so on. These people were engaged in salt mining.
For this people, religion was very important, and the worship of the gods was a cult. They sacrificed not only animals, but also people.
Ancient civilizations had enormous knowledge in astronomy, for example, the Mayan calendars have survived to this day and their accuracy never ceases to amaze.
The Mayans mysteriously left the earth, and what exactly happened has not yet been established.

Ancient Inca civilization

The largest empire in terms of area and population, which was located in South America. Thanks to historians, a lot of information about this people became known to the public:

Scientists have not been able to find evidence that would tell about the appearance of the Incas, but they are considered the descendants of the early Andean civilization.
The secrets of ancient civilizations indicate that the empire had a clear administrative division and a well-established economy.
It is reliably known that in those days there was no corruption, crimes related to murders and thefts were almost completely absent.
Few ancient civilizations had a postal system, but the Incas had approximately 5-7 thousand postal stations.
This people had their own system of measuring quantities, calendar, architecture and musical culture. The Incan writing system is called the Khipu knot script.

Aztec civilization

The most numerous Indian people living in Mexico are the Aztecs. The history of ancient civilizations is known for the following facts:

The Aztecs were fond of sports and creativity, for example, they are known for their sculptures and pottery.
Education, which children received not only from their parents, but also in schools, was of great importance to these people.
Historians believe that this ancient civilization disappeared not because of numerous wars, but because of smallpox, which claimed the lives of more than 20 million people.
It is worth noting the presence of an advanced system for recording and storing data: tax, historical, religious and other documentation.
The men of this people were allowed, and poor families sold their children into slavery, and this was not considered something unusual.

Ancient civilization Mesopotamia

Artifacts from ancient civilizations indicate that there were several large settlements on the territory of Mesopotamia.
The local population developed complex religious beliefs and widely used magical rituals.
At that time, Mesopotamia had all the signs of civilization, except writing, but this changed after the Sumerians settled the territory.

Ancient civilization Babylon

Trade was of great importance in Babylon, and the products created by these people were extremely popular. This city is considered a “trend setter”.
If a doctor made the wrong diagnosis, his hands were cut off, and prostitution was considered a prestigious profession.
The most famous attraction of that time was the Gardens of Babylon.
The technologies of ancient civilizations made it possible to build incredible buildings, just like the legendary Tower of Babel, which was located in the center of the ancient city.

Mysterious ancient civilizations

Hyperborea Civilization

There is a hypothesis that the ancient Hyperboreans were magicians and 20 thousand years ago there was a great battle with the inhabitants of Atlantis, as a result of which the Urals were formed.
The people were gifted, and they showed themselves creatively in every possible way.
In the encyclopedia, the Hyperboreans are called a fabulous people who lived in a paradise country. People were always forever young, never got sick and enjoyed a happy life.

Civilization Lemuria

It existed for 52 thousand years.
The ancient Lemurians reached 18 m in height and possessed.
The reason for the disappearance is a huge earthquake that occurred due to the displacement of the earth's belt.
The legacy of ancient civilizations lies in the science of construction, thanks to which people erected stone buildings.

Hittida Civilization

The climate on this land was ideal for human, animal and plant life.
The continent was inhabited by people with yellow, brown, black and white skin. They had supernatural powers and could fly and teleport.
It was important for the people to unite with nature, which gave them strength.
Many ancient civilizations perished due to cataclysms, so Hittis disappeared after the collision of the earth with an asteroid.
According to one version, the continent was inhabited by souls who lived in subtle bodies.

Ancient civilization Pacifida

It is believed that the earth was inhabited by real giants, whose height reached five meters, or even higher. It is currently impossible to confirm or refute this information.
The giant stone statues of the Moai, which are located on Easter Island, are considered confirmation of the existence of Pacifida. Scientists have not been able to determine what inventions of ancient civilizations made it possible to make such huge statues.
There are several versions explaining the reason for the disappearance of the continent, and according to the most reliable of them, it’s all about the movement of continental plates, which led to the fact that the Pacific Ocean cracked and sank to the bottom of the ocean. It is believed that Easter Island is a part left over from an ancient civilization.

Ancient Civilizations – Atlantis

The philosopher points out that the cities of ancient civilization were rich, and he considered the Atlanteans themselves to be the descendants of Poseidon.
The ancient civilizations that disappeared were rich, so the temple of the main deity Poseidon was lined with gold, silver and other metals. On the territory of Atlantis there were many statues of the lord of the sea and his wife, made of gold.
Residents of the mainland had fun with horse racing. The Atlanteans loved to take thermal baths, since there was a source of cold and hot water on the territory.
Atlantis was destroyed due to a huge earthquake and flood.
Many studies were carried out that made it possible to discover temple domes, various buildings and other objects. Crystals were raised from the bottom, which are capable of increasing the energy that is passed through them.

In our views of the Neolithic past, they always seem like huge grandfathers who, with a huge club, constantly hooting, are chasing a small and frightened mammoth. It seems to us that their whole life comes down only to getting food.

But with the development of archeology, interesting finds came one after another. These discoveries forced us to rethink the mental abilities and technological progress of long-forgotten peoples.

It turns out that the ancient people were excellent astronomers, excellent engineers and metallurgists, knew anatomy, and also built multi-ton stone computers. Where did our ancestors get this knowledge? Who taught the ancient Egyptians, Babylonians, Chinese, Greeks? Science was created in ancient times, and declined during the Middle Ages, and was later rediscovered by Arab scientists, revived, and restored during the era of the development of the world.

"...Our world is rectangular, and it stretches from Iberia to India, and from Africa. These four sides are surrounded by high mountains, on the tops of which is the vault of heaven. The earth is a huge chest, and on it are located all the strange and seas. Cover this chest is the sky, and its walls are the mountains." This strange idea of the Earth was written in the Topography of the Christians, which was written in the 6th century. But for several thousand years, people had much more accurate ideas about the earth. In his school, Pythagoras taught that the Earth is shaped like a circle. Aristarchus of Samos suggested that our planet revolves around the Sun, and Eratosthenes, the Alexandrian librarian monk, calculated the circumference of our planet, in fact, with an error of up to 30 km.

Until approximately the second half of the 19th century, our scientists believed that the return of the Earth was approximately several thousand years, but the ancient writings of the Brahmins wrote that the lifespan of our planet and the universe is about 4.3 billion years, this is very close to the estimates of modern scientists. Our science has its pros and cons. Centuries of development and progress were followed by centuries of destruction and unrest. A thousand years ago, the monk Giordano Bruno was burned alive in the Piazza des Flowers, which is located in Rome, and he was considered a heretic. He assumed that our sun is not the only one, and there are many others in space, around which planets also revolve. But this magnificent guess, which was attributed to Bruno, which was 410 years ahead of science of his era, was determined 2000 years before him. The ancient monk Anaximenes, who believed in the existence and multitude of inhabited worlds, told the disappointed Alexander the Great that he had conquered only one of our planets, while there were many others in the universe.

We are now rediscovering long-lost sciences. About 350 years ago, Johannes Kepler confirmed that the tides were caused by the Moon. And he immediately became a heretic, and an object of persecution and persecution. But in the 2nd century BC. e. astrophysicist Seleucus talked about the effect that the Moon has on the water of our planet. 110 years BC, Posidonius came to the correct conclusion that the ebb and flow of the tides are associated with the rotation of the Moon. Around 2600 BC. e. Chinese astronomers told the emperor that our planet floats in space. And 500 years ago, Galileo was called a heretic by the church for such views.

Almost 22 centuries ago, the Great Wall of China was built. It took 3 million workers to build it for almost 40 years. The height of the wall is almost 15 meters, the length is about 2.5 km. You can safely drive a car along this wall. Even the ancient pharaoh Menes carried out a grandiose project to change the course of the Nile. This is the only case in history. The Lighthouse of Alexandria was one of the Seven Wonders of the World, its height was almost 135 meters. This lighthouse was erected in 250 BC. e. and its existence was almost one and a half thousand years, until it was destroyed by an earthquake. The lighthouse was made of white marble and was built on the island of Pharos. On its top there was a huge mirror that reflected the light so that even in pitch darkness, it shone at a distance of up to 400 km. People used the sun's rays during the day and fire at night.

Our cybernetics and roboticists were preceded by Daedalus, with his automatic machines. Our science goes far into the roots of history.

An amazing discovery was recently made in Costa Rica. In this jungle, about a hundred surprisingly round and polished stones, up to 2.5 meters in size, were discovered. The largest weighed about 16 tons. Several groups of balls form figures that are very similar to geometric ones, the rest indicate different geographical locations. The giant stone blocks found in Mexico were about 40 tons. These blocks stood on stone stands, just like Costa Rican balls. Moreover, the nearest caves for stone extraction were located approximately 100 km away. They were approximately made about 3 thousand years ago.

The column, which consists entirely of iron, is approximately 8 meters high and weighs about 6 tons. For about 15 centuries it has been exposed to various natural factors. But the amazing thing is that there is not a hint of rust on it. Obtaining such a huge amount of non-oxidizing iron is not possible in our time, and it is not known when we will be able to achieve this.

Scientists also cannot explain the achievement of the South Indian tribes. Ornaments made of pure platinum were also found in Ecuador. To make such a drawing, you first need to melt it. But platinum smelting was first carried out in Europe, about 200 years ago; in order to melt it, a temperature of approximately 2000 degrees was required. How were the Indians able to reach such temperatures, probably not with the help of a wooden stick?

The discovered tomb of Emperor Zhou Shu, who lived about 1,700 years ago, has given us a new mystery. Analysis of the metal belt revealed that it contained a combination of various metals, but most surprisingly, it contained aluminum. Real pure aluminum was mined in 1825, but people learned to combine it with various other metals much later. The decoration of the ancient ruler did not look natural and does not fit into our ideas about the people of ancient centuries.

A human skull on display at the Natural History Museum in London. Was found in a cave in Northern Rhodesia, and was a man who lived almost 40 thousand years ago. On the left side of the skull, there was a small round hole. But there were no radial cracks around him, which usually remained after a wound with a cold weapon. The right side of the skull was smashed. The skulls of soldiers who were killed with guns have a similar appearance. In the Moscow Paleontological Museum there is a bison skull that existed hundreds of thousands of years ago. On its front there is the same hole, similar to a bullet hole.

Many people know that the ancients were great astronomers. But who gave them this knowledge, or how they received it, unfortunately there is no answer. How were the Sumerians able to calculate the time of year with incredible accuracy to almost 3 minutes, and how did they calculate the revolutions of the Moon around the earth even more accurately? It is not known who gave them the knowledge of the cycle, the rotation of stars across the sky, which is 25,290 years? In the Berlin Museum, their signet is kept, on which the solar system is engraved. The African tribes, the Dogon, knew that our galaxy has the shape of a spiral, and they also knew about the dark star that was recently discovered with the help of the latest telescopes. They knew about the satellites that revolve around Jupiter, and about Saturn's rings. In Britain, strange designs were found in caves that turned out to be prehistoric star maps. What interest were they for Stone Age people? A lot of such cards were found, and this testifies to the incredible mental abilities of the people of that time.

But still, what is this, just incredible guesses, or some evidence about the incredible intelligence of a person. If this was all just speculation, then why were they the same in very distant countries? The ancient people who lived in England were even more knowledgeable than the Egyptians and Sumerians.

We can still assume that ancient people had an idea of deep space or the lunar phases, since it could all be mastered visually. But there is evidence that they also had knowledge that defies explanation, knowledge of microorganisms. The ancient scientists also insisted on the structure of the infinitely large and small.

The structure of the atom is mentioned in ancient Brahman papyri. One of the many scrolls says: “In every atom there are vast worlds, as scattered and numerous as specks of dust.” You can actually take it and rewrite it in modern textbooks.

Paying tribute to the intelligence and genius of the scientists of the ancient world, we cannot help but wonder what prompted them to study objects that are invisible to the human eye?

Ancient scientists understood that it was dangerous to use knowledge for destructive and aggressive purposes. One ancient Native American scroll describes a weapon, a thunderbolt, that reduces entire armies to smoldering ash and causes hair and nails to fall out.

This is also compared to the explosion of hundreds of thousands of hot suns. Old radioactive human and animal skeletons are still found in India. Moreover, the background radiation in this location was hundreds of times less. In the Gobi, places have been discovered that are covered with molten sand. About 3,500 years ago, after a mysterious explosion, the city of Mohenjo-Daro disappeared. There are traces of melting on the stones of this city. The disaster happened instantly, ancient writings say that there was an incredibly bright light and a large explosion, similar to the one that happened in Hiroshima.

There are many mysteries associated with ancient India. Indiana used the sexagesimal system of measurement. The day was divided into 60 kalas, the duration of which was 24 present minutes. Kala - for 60 vikalas it is 24 seconds. Then came many others, including the smallest one - kashta, which is one three hundred millionth of a second. Why did they need such a tiny time unit, and most interestingly, how did they measure it? Only now do we know that kashta accounts for the lifetime of some nuclear particles. Well, did you know then?

And now we’ll tell you about an incredible discovery, which is also classified as a challenge to modern stereotypes.

In the 18th century, two unusual maps were found in Turkey, dated 1513 and 1528, written and compiled from even earlier and unknown sources, by Admiral Piri Reis. The director of the Istanbul Museum handed them over to American cartographers in 1929 for detailed study. Thirty years of analysis has led to an incredible sensation. Our scientists noticed an interesting feature: the maps had all the necessary data, but in flat form they were not entirely accurate. But when the maps were transferred to a geographical globe, scientists were amazed. It turned out that all the contours, continents, rivers and lakes instantly coincided. The shores of Northern, Greenland, and Antarctica, which no one even suspected in the 16th century, coincided very precisely.

There was an opinion that the Piri Reis maps were made using photography from a great height, from which the spherical shape of the Earth could be seen. On these maps there were even such details as (underwater ridges that are located in Antarctica, a very similar topography), we learned about them only in the 60s of our century. It even turned out that the ancient maps turned out to be even more accurate than the current ones.

We would like to say that the currently available newest maps of Antarctica, made using sismic methods and the latest equipment, are not entirely accurate, since a huge part of the continent has been under a thick ball of ice, several kilometers thick, for 9-10 thousand years.

Ancient Sanskrit texts are replete with stories of flying on vimana birds. The ancient Indian epic "Ramayana" says that the vimana looks like a round ship with a porthole. Judging by the impressions of the people who visited it, this ship flew at the speed of the wind, could hover in the air and turn sharply. It is also said that the fuel was yellow-white in color. All folklore of all peoples of the world contain stories about flying machines - “heavenly chariots” and “flying carpets”. Monk Roger Bacon wrote a strange remark in one of his scientific works: “...floating devices, both ancient and those that we have now.” All this seems incredible, although there are a lot of fairy tales, legends and poems.

About the flight to the Moon can be found in the Chinese Chronicles. This is all incredible, but ancient sources even indicate the date of the astronaut’s landing from China - 2309 BC. e. The Chinese flew through space “where the movement of the Sun was not visible.” An interesting point, because only when you are on Earth can you see the movement of the sun, its rising and setting. But we know very well that this effect is created due to the rotation of our planet around its axis. And only in vast space this effect will not occur. Our scientists believe that the ancient gods descended from space to us, and especially believers and pure people were blessed to travel with them.

Whether this is true or not is very difficult to answer. We actually do not know about the level of intelligence of the ancients, their science, we do not know where they got all this knowledge from. If libraries and sanctuaries had not been mercilessly burned, we would know much more about these people. When they destroyed it in the 6th century BC. e. the famous Athens collection of books; by incredible luck, the poems of the great Homer that have come down to us have been preserved. During Caesar's campaign, the Library of Alexandria was burned, which contained hundreds of thousands of unique volumes, and was both a university and a laboratory. But the number of books destroyed by the Inquisition cannot be determined at all. Mayan knowledge was also lost forever after the Spanish burned the library in Mexico City.

Manuscripts in Asia did not have a better fate. In 213 BC. e. In China, the emperor ordered the destruction of all libraries. A huge number of books were destroyed or lost in various countries. Because of such actions, our knowledge about ancient science and people is very mediocre, and with large gaps. And who knows, maybe in these books there were answers to eternal questions...

Historians and researchers sometimes bring to us absolutely incredible facts about the highest level of knowledge of ancient people of the so-called antediluvian period. Among this knowledge, which did not disappear, was preserved, preserved by some miracle with the help of priests and similar figures, there was also that information that tradition associates with the appearance of enlighteners - carriers of knowledge who came from afar. Where? Perhaps from other planets or other parallel worlds. But this is a separate conversation. We are talking exclusively about the level of knowledge.

Some facts relating to the first civilizations known to us also suggest the idea of some kind of highest knowledge that survived a worldwide catastrophe, apparently caused by a collision of the Earth with some large celestial body. So, for example, the ancient Mayans, as we know, did not know the wheel, did not use the potter’s wheel, because they simply had not invented it, and were not familiar with iron... But they knew with amazing accuracy the periods of revolution of the celestial bodies. How they knew this at their incredibly low level of development is unknown; most likely, these are echoes of the great knowledge of the previous civilization, and the Mayans simply kept them.

But be that as it may, the Mayans knew that the time of revolution of the Earth around the Sun was 365.242129 days. According to the Gregorian calendar, this period is equal to 365.242500 days. Currently, with the help of the most accurate astronomical instruments, the length of the year is set to 365.242198 days. Consequently, until very recently, the figure of the ancient Mayan tribe, who had absolutely no knowledge of telescopes or other devices and equipment, was the most accurate! The length of the lunar month was known to this mysterious tribe with an accuracy of 34 seconds! The error in the orbital period of Venus was only 7 seconds per fifty years among the Mayans. European science achieved this accuracy only a thousand years later, at the end of the last century.

Just as suddenly, literally “out of the blue,” we find high astronomical knowledge appearing in Ancient Sumer. The Sumerians knew the time of revolution of the Moon with an accuracy of 0.4 seconds. The length of their year was 365 days, 6 hours and 11 minutes, which differs from the length of the year determined today by only 3 minutes. Amazing? Yes, definitely!

Who carried out these calculations and when? Unfortunately, we, modern people, do not know this. Just as it is unknown from what source the Greek astronomer Hipparchus, who lived two thousand years before us, could obtain information about the lunar orbit, which turned out to be known to him with an accuracy of one hundredth of a degree.

We also don’t know how ancient Sumer knew about the last and most distant planet of the solar system - Pluto. The discovery of Pluto by modern astronomical science occurred only 83 years ago, in 1930. If ancient Sumer really knew about Pluto, then this is all the more surprising, because, as the Great Soviet Encyclopedia notes, “only with the largest instruments in an exceptionally calm atmosphere can its disk be noticed.”

Among the astronomical facts that inexplicably turned out to be known long before their discovery in our days, there is the following. In the 18th century there lived a man known to us as a writer, the author of Gulliver's Travels - Jonathan Swift. He left us a strange reference to two moons of Mars. It wasn't until 156 years after Swift wrote about these moons that telescopes strong enough were built for astronomers to actually discover these two small planets. But the strange coincidence doesn't stop there. Swift almost accurately indicated the time of revolution of the satellites around Mars. Where could he get this information from? Could it be from old books and forgotten manuscripts that this mysterious writer was so interested in?

There is every reason to assume that there really were such references in old texts. Far from Swift, in another country, among other ancient manuscripts and books lived the famous Georgian writer and scientist Sulkhan Saba Orbeliani (1658-1725). In his Explanatory Dictionary there is a mention of the satellite of Mars. Like Swift, this mention is accompanied by digital data. The orbital radius of the Orbeliani satellite is 24,019 kilometers. The radius of circulation known to us today is 23,506 kilometers. We can only speculate about what lost and forgotten sources this knowledge goes back to.

Some structures that have come down to us speak of observations of the starry sky that were carried out at the very dawn of human history known to us. True, they gave only general information about the movement of the Sun, Moon, their eclipses, etc. The 14th century Arab chronicler Makrizi spoke about one of the last such buildings, the Temple of the Sun in Heliopolis (modern Egypt): “Two columns were erected there, the most beautiful of which no one has ever seen. They rise above the ground by about 50 cubits (26.2 meters). .. Their tops are made of copper... When the sun enters the constellation Capricorn, in other words, on the shortest day of the year, it touches the top of the southern column. When the sun enters the constellation Cancer, in other words, on the longest day of the year, it. touches the top of the northern column. Thus, these two obelisks mark the final points of the movement of the sun, and the equinox point is located at an equal distance between them."

Another similar structure that has survived to this day is the 12th-century temple complex of Angkor Wat, located on the territory of modern Kampuchea. Like Heliopolis, the towers, galleries and steles are arranged there in such a way that the observer can record the position of the Sun or Moon when they are at critical points. The accuracy of these observations is up to 0.5 degrees. A Chinese traveler who visited this complex one and a half hundred years after its construction wrote that “there are people there who know astronomy and can calculate the periods of eclipse of the Sun and Moon.” However, later the complex, unfortunately, fell into complete disrepair. Its astronomical role was lost and forgotten.

Another surviving oldest observatory in the world is the famous Stonehenge. The author of the chronicle "History of the British Kings", written in the 12th century, mentioning Stonehenge, reported two strange details. According to him, the megaliths for Stonehenge were allegedly delivered from Ireland. And the building was erected by some people who arrived “from the remote African outskirts.” To the great surprise of the researchers, the first statement turned out to be true. The Irish origin of the Stonehenge megaliths was scientifically established in 1923. As for the reports of aliens from afar, from Africa or from nowhere, this statement, in all likelihood, is not without foundation.

Stonehenge researchers came to the conclusion that the further into the past the structure goes, the more accurate and detailed observations it turns out to be designed for. The same dynamics of change in knowledge is evidenced by another stroke. Comparing the stages of construction of Stonehenge, researchers came to the conclusion that the most ancient stage is marked by the greatest art. As centuries passed, the skill of builders for some reason did not improve, as one would expect, but, on the contrary, the builders increasingly lost this skill. In other words, the further into the past, the closer to a certain starting point of completeness of knowledge. How far into the past can this point be placed?..

Writer Ivan Efremov, who was keenly interested in history, paleontology and archeology and traveled a lot, spoke in one of his interviews about the bronze globe of the starry sky, which he saw in China, at the Nanjing Observatory. Constellations were depicted on it in great detail, not only visible at the latitudes where China is located, but also those that can only be seen from the Southern Hemisphere. This globe dates back to the 1st century AD. How could the ancient Chinese so accurately map constellations onto the globe that were completely invisible to them? Who gave them this knowledge and when?

On one of the clay tablets of Ancient Sumer, two stars were depicted next to the Moon - alpha and beta from the constellation Gemini. Judging by their location, the image reproduced a picture 6 thousand years distant from us.

Reports of the extreme antiquity of astronomical knowledge are also confirmed in the finds of archaeologists. A fragment of bone with notches depicting the phases of the Moon is 8.5 thousand years away from us (the upper reaches of the Nile). A mammoth tusk (Southern Ukraine) with notches indicating the days of the lunar month, including the day of the “invisible Moon,” speaks of astronomical knowledge or observations that were carried out 30-35 thousand years ago. However, these numbers obviously do not mean the extreme point at which man’s interest in the starry sky began. “Ursa Major’s Bucket” - habitually pronouncing these words, we usually do not notice their absurdity. If the constellation really looks like a ladle most of all, what does the bear have to do with it? At school they tried to somehow vaguely explain to us that the ancients had a rich imagination and folded these stars into the figure of a bear. We were even shown a drawing of this bear, and all the schoolchildren unanimously stated that they absolutely did not see any bear at these points, much less a she-bear. It turns out that earlier the arrangement of the stars was different, and their position really resembled this beast. Then the name “Ursa Major” appeared, which has survived to this day. When was this? According to Ukrainian researcher Yu.A. Karpenko, the resemblance of the constellation to the figure of a bear disappeared about 80 thousand years ago. Surprisingly, however, not only this, but also the ubiquity of this name in the Northern Hemisphere: from Sakhalin to the Atlantic and even in pre-Columbian America, this constellation was in one way or another associated with the bear.

If man's interest in the stars and the study of the starry sky began so long ago, the high astronomical knowledge of the ancients receives its explanation. In the 16th and 17th centuries, European science, after a long development, came to important cosmological conclusions. Scientific truth found its way with difficulty. Here and there, fires of the Inquisition flared up in city squares. On February 17, 1600, after eight years of imprisonment, Giordano Bruno was burned. He was executed only for expressing the idea of the infinity of the Universe and the multiplicity of inhabited worlds similar to our Earth. But thousands of years before him, the same idea (and not as an assumption, but as an immutable truth) was expounded by the texts of the pyramids, the sacred books of Ancient India and Tibet. One of the earliest pyramid texts expresses the idea of the infinity of space. And the ancient Sanskrit book “Vishnu Purana” directly states that our Earth is only one of thousands of millions of similar inhabited worlds located in the Universe. “Behind Dhruva (the Pole Star), at a distance of ten million leagues, is the region of the saints, or Mahar-loka, whose inhabitants live for a whole kalpa, or the day of Brahma (4 billion 320 million years). At a twice great distance is Jana-loka, where the blessed ones live and other pure-minded children of Brahma... At a distance six times greater is Satya-loka. Those who live there are involved in the truth and do not know death,” it is written in this sacred book. According to one Tibetan text, “there are so many worlds in the universe that even the Buddha himself cannot count them.” The Buddhist tradition states: "Each of these worlds is surrounded by a shell of blue air or ether." The idea that creatures similar to humans live on distant stars also existed in ancient Peru. This tradition dates back to the pre-Inca period, says archaeologist J. A. Massoy (University of Pennsylvania, USA).

It is quite obvious that this ancient information could not have been acquired from their daily practice and not from the knowledge that corresponded to the level of development of their society. Their source, most likely, lies somewhere outside the framework of civilizations known to us.

Another group of facts testifies to the very early and equally inexplicable appearance of ideas about the shape and size of our planet. In 1633, in the “Chamber of Torture,” members of the Holy Inquisition accused Galileo of asserting that the Earth is a ball that revolves around the Sun. At one time, a similar accusation could have been brought against Columbus. During his years, there was a tribunal consisting of the luminaries of the then university in Salamanca, which aimed to punish anyone who dared to claim that the Earth was spherical. And again we are surprised to see: the astronomical truths, to which European scientific thought fought its way with such difficulty and sacrifice, were already recorded at the very dawn of history in the sacred texts of India, Egypt, the Middle East, and America. Emphasizing the round shape of our planet, some ancient Egyptian texts speak of the creation of the Earth on a potter's wheel. The idea of a spherical Earth was known to the Egyptians long before the Greeks. The Sun Goddess says: “Look, the earth in front of me is like a box. This means that the earth of God is in front of me like a round ball” (“Leiden Demotic Papyrus”). The Egyptians believed that in its movement the Earth obeys the same laws as other planets - Jupiter, Saturn, Mars, Mercury and Venus. And the Sun, which later European science considered motionless, was considered by ancient Egyptian texts to move in space and was called “a ball floating in the bowels of the goddess Nu” (in the sky), although they had neither astronomical instruments nor knowledge on which they relied could come to this conclusion.

And here is what “Kabbalah” (“Book of Zohar”) says: “The entire inhabited Earth rotates like a circle. Some of its inhabitants are below, others are above. While in some regions of the Earth it is night, in others it is day, and when in some In some places people see the dawn, in others it is dusk." How could the authors of this book know about this, given the level of knowledge at that time? More precisely, the level assumed by us, modern people. “Kabbalah” refers to some ancient books, which makes us think even more about the level of knowledge of the ancients. By the way, was it not from these sources that Plato, who spoke of the Earth as a round body, whose rotation causes the change of day and night, also drew information from these sources? Or Plutarch, who quoted Aristarchus (3rd century BC): “The earth moves in an inclined circle, simultaneously rotating around its own axis.”

We find these traces of real astronomical ideas in the earliest biblical texts, which speak, in particular, of the Earth hanging in the void, “on nothing” (Book of Job, 26:7). In later times, this ancient tradition was preserved by some Christian theologians. Bede Venerable Guillaume of Conches speaks of the Earth as a body shaped like a ball. In St. Petersburg, in the Library named after. Saltykov-Shchedrin contains a 14th-century Bible that belonged to the Navarre royal house. The color illustrations placed there depict the planets, the Moon and the Sun in the form of balls. And even earlier, the famous Christian philosopher and saint Gregory of Nyssa wrote as a matter of course about the “spherical shape of the earth’s body”, about the Sun, “many times greater in size than the Earth.” We find the same idea in India. The tantric system of "kalachakra" argued that the Earth rotates around its axis and has the shape of a ball.

The Aztecs obviously also knew about the movement of the planets and their spherical shape. They depicted the planets in the form of round objects or balls with which the gods played. Even the inhabitants of the scattered islands of Oceania knew about the movement of celestial bodies and, most importantly, about their sphericity and the sphericity of the Earth itself. Noting this, a French researcher of the last century saw in this knowledge “shards of a certain civilization of a higher level.”

Thus, it turns out that fundamental cosmological ideas existed far outside the mainstream of European culture. Outside both in time - long before it, and territorially. It is not surprising, therefore, that a number of later discoveries of European astronomy were made not in the sky, but... in ancient manuscripts. Thus, Copernicus, who in official historical science is considered the author of the idea of the Earth’s rotation around the Sun, wrote in the preface to his works that he got the idea of the Earth’s movement from ancient authors. For some reason, however, we were not taught this at school... Perhaps these were the same works that have not reached us, which were read by the famous 7th century scientist A. Shirakatsi. (Armenians claim that this is a great Armenian scientist...) He wrote about the sphericity of the Earth, comparing it to an egg, where the yolk is the Earth itself, shaped like a ball, and the white is the atmosphere surrounding it. According to Academician B.A. Rybakov, the idea of the spherical shape of the Earth already existed four thousand years ago.

Judging by some data, the ancients knew not only the shape, but also the size of our planet. The circumference of the Earth, amazingly close to the actual one, was named in their works by Eratosthenes and Aristotle. But not only that. The stage - the unit of length of Ancient Greece - goes back, it turns out, to the same value, to the circumference of our planet. The remen, the unit of length of Ancient Egypt, was also correlated with the circumference of the planet. And, apparently, this is no coincidence: the units of length of Egypt and Ancient Greece originate, apparently, in some single source. "Pyramid foot" is a sacred, as opposed to secular, unit of length in Ancient Egypt. Its length (0.63566 meters) is nothing more than 1/1000000 of the radius drawn from the center of the Earth to the pole. The inaccuracy is only 0.003 millimeters!

When the need arose in the last century to create some kind of international unit of length, nothing was known about these amazing facts. But human thought turned to the same standard - the circumference of our planet. 1/00000000 part of this value is the meter we use today.

Soviet researcher A.V. Klimenko believes that knowledge of the circumference of the globe came to Greece from Egypt or Babylon. The fact that Greek scientists owe their astronomical knowledge to the Egyptian and Babylonian priests was written by Diogenes Laertius, Isocrates, Pliny, Strabo and others. But where did this knowledge get to Babylon and Egypt?

The accuracy of the division of time among the ancients is no less surprising. Delving deeper into history, we learn that for primitive societies, the time of day was divided into only two parts - day and night. Gradually, as society develops, the need arises to divide more fractional things - into days, hours, and finally, into minutes. However, the second hand on the dial of household watches appeared only in our time. But this is not enough for the exact sciences; hundredths, thousandths and even smaller fractions of a second were required. Of course, this became possible, and these terms appeared only when equipment capable of measuring these incredibly small fractions of a second was created. In Ancient India, as far as we know, or more precisely, as far as modern science allows, there was no such equipment. There was also, as we imagine, no need to measure such small periods of time. Why then do we find the term “truti” - 0.3375 seconds - in Sanskrit texts? (Siddhanta-Siromani). And the other is "kasta" equal to 1/0000000000 of a second (Vrihath Sathaka)? Our civilization came to such short periods of time only quite recently, literally in recent years.

So what happens? Should we suspect the ancients of inventing terms that had no meaning behind them, and inventing units of measurement that they could not use? However, we have no reason to suspect them of inventing unprecedentedly small quantities - it is in the modern world that the writing fraternity allows itself to write about something that it does not know or that does not exist in the world - for the sake of the so-called “click word”; the ancients to the written word, i.e. fixed for centuries, they treated it not even with respect - with reverence. So we can only assume that these terms came into Sanskrit texts from those times when there was living content behind them, i.e. "truti" and "kashta" could measure. Why did the ancients measure such small quantities? And how did they do it? Perhaps the level of technology was so high that there was a need for these small amounts? In particular, according to the level of modern knowledge, “kashta” turned out to be very close to the life period of some mesons and hyperons. Perhaps the science of that civilization came close to the physics of small quantities and operated with protons and atoms, as we do now with kilograms and meters? In any case, the level of knowledge of the ancients leads us to assume that we are far from the first civilization on our planet. All that remains is to understand why that (or even those) civilization died, and not to repeat its mistakes...

The article was prepared on the basis of factual material collected in the book by A. Gorbovsky “Facts, guesses, hypotheses”,