Meaning of the word fireworks. The meaning of the word fireworks in the modern explanatory dictionary, BSE Fireworks title

3. Determination of rank and qualifications


Gunner Guards Foot Artillery	Gunner 3rd Grenadier Artillery Brigade	Gunner 52nd Artillery Brigade	Gunner 6th Turkestan Rifle Artillery Park	Gunner 6th Horse Artillery Battery	Gunner Moscow local artillery team

Correspondence of ranks of combatant lower ranks of infantry and artillery units of the RIA

Infantry units	Artillery units
Lower ranks of private rank
Private	Gunner
Corporal	Bombardier
Lower ranks of non-commissioned officer rank
Junior non-commissioned officer		Junior fireworks
Senior non-commissioned officer		Senior Fireworks Man
Sergeant Major		Feldwebel (in horse and horse-mountain artillery - sergeant)
Sub-ensign		Sub-ensign
Ordinary ensign		Ordinary ensign

Placement of rank stripes, codes and special signs on the shoulder straps of the lower ranks of the army artillery (1911-1917)

(Using the example of the 25th Artillery Brigade)

Gunner

Bombardier

Junior fireworks

Senior Fireworks Man

Sergeant Major

Sub-ensign

Mediocre Propeller

The gunners did not have stripes on their shoulder straps; they carried encryption and a special sign (since 1909)

Bombardiers and non-combatant lower ranks of equal rank had on their shoulder straps one transverse stripe 1/4 inch wide, which was sewn close to the shoulder button loop.

Junior and senior fireworksmen and non-combatant lower ranks of equal rank had on their shoulder straps, respectively, 2 and 3 transverse stripes 1/4 inch wide with a distance between them of 1/16 inch, the top of which was sewn close to the loop of the shoulder button.

Sergeants (sergeants) and non-combatant lower ranks of equal rank were entitled to 1 transverse patch 5/8 inch wide, also sewn close to the shoulder button loop.

Since 1906, sub-ensigns were given shoulder straps that differed significantly from the shoulder straps of other lower ranks (PVV No. 156 of 03/09/1906): “ ... shoulder straps according to the pattern established for couriers with lining and a number or monogram embroidered according to the officer's pattern; for ensigns performing the position of sergeant majors - a transverse wide braided stripe on shoulder straps in accordance with the color of the device...»

The last provision was duplicated in PVV No. 307 of 06/07/1907: “ ensigns... who remain in long-term service in combat positions... have shoulder straps according to the model established for courier couriers, with a lining and a number or monogram embroidered in the officer's pattern, according to the attached drawing, and for ensigns performing the position of sergeant major - a transverse wide braided patch on the shoulder straps should match the color of the metal device...»

Neither in PVV No. 156, nor in PVV No. 307, the width and type of braid were clearly specified, in contrast to the description of the ensign's shoulder straps present in PVV No. 178 dated 04/08/1908: “ for ensigns... shoulder straps made of cloth, part of the assigned one, with a chief officer's braid sewn along the shoulder strap (1/2 inch wide) in the color of the device, with an officer's code, where it was assigned; shoulder straps must be fastened on a uniform, overcoat and summer shirt.“However, the width of the braid assigned to ensigns according to PVV No. 156 and PVV No. 307 was easily calculated from the model drawing attached to the latter.

According to PVV No. 470 dated October 28, 1908, counter shoulder straps to strengthen the epaulettes of ensigns of the Guards Horse Artillery were required to have a chief officer's braid, 1/2 inch wide, sewn onto a cloth field made of instrumental cloth (with installed edgings) 7/ 8 vershka

In PVV No. 446 for 1911, the shoulder straps of ensigns were described as follows: “ Shoulder straps...of ensigns - the same width as those of other lower ranks, but with a lining hemmed in the middle and along the shoulder strap with braid in the color of the device, three-quarters of an inch wide, and with an applied metal number or monogram in the color of the device..."(The article “Galun” of the “Military Encyclopedia” edited by V.F. Novitsky provides information as of 1912 on the use of belt galun with a width of 5/8 inch for sewing on the shoulder straps of ensigns, however, given that this information is not available in other publications , and also the fact that in this article there is no description of the use of a belt braid with a width of 3/4 inch, we can assume that this is a typo - author's note).

Another category of combatant lower ranks, although they had many of the rights of chief officers, in the period before 1903 were young people released from cadet schools after passing the officer exam and serving in units with the rank of lieutenant officer in anticipation of promotion to officers. They were distinguished from other lower ranks by the following features of their uniform and equipment:

– Shoulder straps trimmed with galloon, ¼ inch wide, of instrument metal on three sides (except for the bottom), on which stripes of galloon or bason could be preserved, if in the cadet school the future ensign served as a sergeant major (sergeant), senior or junior non-commissioned officer

– Non-commissioned officer braid on the collar and cuffs

– A chevron made of galloon, 5/8 inch wide, of instrument metal, oriented with the apex of the corner upward, sewn above the cuff on the left sleeve of the uniform and overcoat

– A sword belt, a waist belt, a revolver holster, a revolver cord (barks on it, like on an officer’s revolver cord), a sash (to whom it was assigned) and personal weapons - according to the model established for sergeants (sergeants) of the unit

– Lanyard to saber - officer’s

It should be noted that cadets were released as ensigns into artillery units less often than into infantry and cavalry units. because artillery cadet schools, unlike infantry and cavalry schools, did not exist, and for release into the field artillery it was necessary to fulfill certain conditions (clause “c” of Article 23 of the PVV No. 224 of 1886)

Artillery lieutenant ensigns, as a category of persons who had successfully passed the exam for the officer rank and were awaiting promotion, were abolished in 1902 (PSZ RI, Third Meeting, No. 21594 of 06/03/1902) - existing ensigns were excluded from the staff of artillery units, and those who had passed the officer examination, the lower ranks of the artillery were retained in their ranks and sent to those units in which they were intended for promotion to officers

Ordinary warrant officers in the period 1891-1907. shoulder straps of the type introduced by PVV No. 137 for 1891 were worn (a braided chief officer shoulder strap with one star, with stripes placed on it above the star for the non-commissioned officer rank from which the lower rank was promoted to ordinary ensign) and officer uniforms , but without epaulettes (initially), a frock coat and long trousers (since 1907) (Article 5 of PVV No. 137 for 1891, PVV No. 811 for 1904 and PVV No. 323 for 1907). Since 1907, shoulder straps of the 1891 model were worn only in wartime, and in peacetime - by ordinary warrant officers studying in cadet schools (whether this rule extended to ordinary warrant officers studying in military schools after the reorganization of cadet schools in them is not known).

Since 1906, ordinary warrant officers who did not have the necessary educational qualifications (higher and secondary education, even if not completed - author's note) could occupy the positions of sergeant majors, and could either remain in these positions after the demobilization of the army or enroll in them from the reserve (PVV No. 634 dated 10/18/1906). Those who held these positions until 1907 wore shoulder straps of the 1891 model, others from 1907 received shoulder straps like ensigns, with an embroidered star and a transverse sergeant major braided patch placed on them (PVV No. 381 of 07/11/1907). In addition, they had the following differences in uniform from that of long-term service sergeants: an officer's lanyard on a saber, an officer's cockade on a headdress, piping on trousers and sleeves of the uniform, a chevron sewn on the left sleeve of the uniform and overcoat at an angle upward, made of galun, 5 in width /8 inch according to the color of the instrument metal, i.e. gold, cashmere sash, assigned to the part of the color, holster with an officer-style cord (PVV No. 381 of July 11, 1907).

Candidates for a class position were given a galloon patch on their shoulder straps, 3/8 inch wide, in the opposite color to the device, in the form of an angle from the button to the ends of the shoulder strap (PSZ RI, Third Meeting, No. 17746 of November 16, 1899), on which transverse stripes were sewn on top stripes corresponding to the rank from which the lower rank was promoted to candidates for a class position.

In 1907, candidates for a class position were awarded shoulder straps of a new type: “ ...according to the pattern specified for couriers with lining and an officer’s number or monogram embroidered (if required)"(PVV No. 453 dated August 25, 1907).

In addition, on the left sleeve of the uniform, above the cuff, they wore a braided chevron of the opposite color to the instrument metal, i.e. silver, 5/8 inch wide (Until 1886, when the “Statement of uniforms and equipment for ensigns, estandard cadets, cadets and candidates for a class position, indicating their differences from lower ranks” was maintained (PSZ RI, Third Collection , No. 3990 dated 04.11.1886) candidates for a class position, along with harness cadets, enjoyed the benefits assigned to this rank in accordance with Article 723 of Book I, Part II of the Code of Military Regulations (1859 - author's note) according to VI continuation, including a chevron made of gold braid, angled upward, sewn on the left sleeve of the uniform and a silver lanyard: “if the uniform assigned a bladed weapon” (the question of whether candidates for a class position were entitled to bladed weapons in a given period of time not entirely clear - author's note) (PSZ RI, Second Meeting, No. 46826 of 03/08/1869).

The PVV No. 178 of 04/08/1908 provides the following description of the shoulder straps of candidates for a class position: “made of cloth, part of the appropriated one, with a chief officer’s braid sewn along the shoulder strap (1/2 inch wide) in the color of the device, with an officer’s code, where it was assigned; shoulder straps must be fastened on a uniform, overcoat and summer shirt."(Unlike ensigns, candidates for a class position were entitled to a chevron made of galloon of a color opposite to that of the instrument, 5/8 inch wide, sewn point up on the left sleeve of the uniform and overcoat above the cuff).

Chief fireworks officers were graduates of the Pyrotechnic School, the Pyrotechnic School, as well as the Pyrotechnic Department of the Technical School of the Artillery Department and served in the factories of the Artillery Department, artillery warehouses and fortresses, performing a number of pyrotechnic works. Unclassed gunsmiths graduated from artillery weapons schools and served in regimental weapons workshops of infantry and cavalry units, where they repaired firearms and bladed weapons, trained students and supervised the work of artisans. Non-class technical masters graduated from the Technical School of the Artillery Department (in 1910, the Pyrotechnic and Technical Schools were transformed into the schools of the same name of the Artillery Department, and since 1913 both schools were merged into one - the Technical School of the Artillery Department - author's note)

As of 1914, graduates of the Pyrotechnic Department of the Technical School of the Artillery Department received the title of chief fireworker of the 2nd category with the rights of candidates for a class position (Since 1900 (PVV No. 26 of January 27, 1900) all graduated from the pyrotechnic and technical artillery schools and chief fireworkers and technical masters who had not yet been promoted to the class rank at that time were renamed candidates for a class position, while retaining the titles assigned to them), and those who graduated in the 1st category were then promoted to vacancies in the class chief fireworks officers with the rank of collegiate registrar who graduated in the 2nd category were promoted to a similar rank after all graduates who graduated in the 1st category last year (before that they were graduated as senior fireworks officers into the troops).

As for the graduates of the Weapons Schools at the Tula and Izhevsk Plants, those who graduated from them in the 1st category received the title of 2nd category gunsmith and, on the recommendation of their combat superiors, were promoted to vacancies of 1st category craftsmen, and after the established period of service were promoted to cool ranks. Other graduates served in active service as apprentices.

As of 1896, graduates of the Technical School of the Artillery Department graduated in the 1st category were presented for production as technical masters or master draftsmen, and in the 2nd category were sent to serve with the rank of senior journeyman.

Chief fireworkers, weapons and technical masters of the 1st category had 2 stripes made of galun ½ inch wide installed on their shoulder straps, and the first of them was sewn touching the end of the loop, like sergeants, and the second - 1∕16 inch lower (according to PVV PVV No. 262 of 1869, the order of placement of patches was different: “Unlike other non-combatant military units... the field artillery fireworks uniform was assigned, with a wide galloon patch across the shoulder strap, below it, for the 2nd category - in one row, and for the 1st - 1st category - in two rows...” - author’s note), chief fireworksmen, weapons and technical masters of the 2nd category - one galloon badge (Circular of the General Staff No. 88 for 1900).Ober-fireworker
(technical master)
1st category Sveaborg Fortress Artillery
(shoulder strap model 1900)

Ober-fireworker
(technical master)
Kronstadt Fortress Artillery
(shoulder strap model 1908)

Since 1907 (PVV No. 453 of August 25, 1907), gunsmiths of the 1st and 2nd category, as well as candidates from all departments of the Military Ministry, were equipped with shoulder straps “... according to the model established for couriers, with lining and embroidered according to the officer’s pattern with a number or monogram (if applicable).” Since 1908 (?), khaki-colored edging was introduced on the shoulder straps of fireworks chiefs, gunsmiths and technical masters (PVV No. 508 of November 1, 1908 (?).

By order of the General Staff No. 292 of 06/01/1904, candidates for a class position as technical masters were assigned weapons identical to those of chief fireworks officers of the same rank, i.e. a saber on a shoulder belt with an officer's lanyard. Life Guards 1st Artillery Brigade

– Bombardiers and fireworks for conscript service of guards units - woolen braid (bason) of yellow color, in 2 threads, with red stripes;

– Bombardiers and fireworks for conscript service of grenadier units and military educational institutions - white braid, with a red stripe in the middle of 2 threads;

– Bombardiers and fireworks of conscript service of army units - white braid;

– Sergeants of the Life Guards of the 1st Artillery Brigade - battle galloon;

– Sergeant majors of the remaining units of the Guard, horse artillery, Cossack units - half-staff braid;

– Sergeants of the remaining army and grenadier units - army galloon;

– Sub-ensigns and ordinary ensigns - sword belt (officer) braid of instrument color;

– The lower ranks of the permanent staff of the Officer Artillery School had shoulder straps trimmed on three sides with yellow basson, the so-called. "teaching tape".

In pursuance of PVV No. 446 of 1911, shoulder straps for long-term servicemen of the 2nd category, i.e. bombardiers and fireworks on the edges (except for the bottom) were trimmed with basson braid ¼ inch wide according to the color of the device; in PVV No. 688 for 1913 (addition to the quartermaster's list), referring to PVV No. 446, “4470” is mentioned. Yellow wool braid, wide. ¼ inch.” According to PVV No. 218 dated 04.05. In 1912, on the marching shirt, this trim was replaced by a narrow dark orange braid.

It should be noted that according to PVV No. 446 of 1911, the transverse rank stripes on the shoulder straps of long-term servicemen of the lower ranks of the 2nd category were made not from braid, but from braid of the same size and color. The type of weaving of the braid used for this was not indicated in PVV No. 446, however, in PVV No. 629 for 1912 (quartermaster’s statement) referring to it, “2621” is mentioned. Narrow gold braid (page gimlet)" and "2622. Narrow silver galloon (page gimlet).”

FIREWORKS

(from German Feuer - fire and Werker - worker),..1) the rank of non-commissioned officers in the artillery of the Russian and some foreign armies; in Russian artillery (19th - early 20th centuries), the ranks of senior and junior fireworks officers corresponded to the ranks of senior and junior non-commissioned officers in other branches of the military; ..2) the rank of senior sub-officers in the rocket forces and artillery of the Polish armed forces.

TSB. Modern explanatory dictionary, TSB. 2003

The meaning of the word fireworks

fireworks in the crossword dictionary

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. D.N. Ushakov

fireworks

fireworks, m. (German Feuerwerker) (military pre-revolutionary). Artillery non-commissioned officer.

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. S.I.Ozhegov, N.Yu.Shvedova.

fireworks

A, m. In the pre-revolutionary Russian and some other armies: the rank of junior military officer in the artillery; person holding this title.

New explanatory dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova.

fireworks

m. outdated The name of a specialist in the manufacture of flammable and incendiary compositions for fireworks.

Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998

fireworks

FIREWORKS (from German Feuer - fire and Werker - worker)

the rank of non-commissioned officers in the artillery of the Russian and some foreign armies; in Russian artillery (19th - early 20th centuries), the ranks of senior and junior fireworks corresponded to the ranks of senior and junior non-commissioned officers in other branches of the military;

rank of senior sub-officers in the missile forces and artillery of the Polish armed forces.

Fireworks

(German Feuerwerker, from Feuer √ fire and Werker √ worker), non-commissioned officer rank in the artillery of the Russian army.

Wikipedia

Examples of the use of the word fireworks in literature.

Lieutenant Anton Putko and senior fireworks Pyotr Kastryulin went to Mogilev.

Along with the cannons, by order of St. Petersburg, engineer officer Bugaevsky and fireworks 4th class Novodvinsk garrison V.

Anna 3rd degree with bow, fireworks Vicentiy Drushlevsky - insignia of the military order and the next class, non-commissioned officers Pavel Nikolaev - insignia of the military order and Kharlam Ponomarev - a lump sum of 25 rubles in silver from the state treasury.

In the best place, behind the wind, on the sack, sat the platoon commander. fireworks Maksimov was smoking a pipe.

Who doesn’t remember the incident during the siege of Gergebil, when the tube of a loaded bomb caught fire in the laboratory, and fireworks He ordered two soldiers to take the bomb and run and throw it into the cliff, and how the soldiers did not throw it in the nearest place near the colonel’s tent, which stood over the cliff, but carried it further so as not to wake up the gentlemen who were sleeping in the tent, and both were torn to pieces.

The last remaining gun in the battery was commanded by fireworks Andrei Petrov, who continued to hit Japanese infantry at point-blank range.

U fireworks there was a wide face, densely covered with red, gray hair - always squinted in concentration, with narrowed eyes, as if completely closed.

Face fireworks became blue-white under the sharply defined red hair, with wide open, huge, surprised eyes.

The batteries were sent to the division committee and fireworks Kastryulin, and him, Anton.

Under the leadership of warrant officer Nikonovich and fireworks Drushlevsky began daily military exercises for the rank and file of the disabled team and volunteers, many of whom had never had to hold weapons in their hands before.

When the duel ended, the de facto supreme military leader of the island's armed forces, Father Alexander, thanked all the people fireworks Drushlevsky for a successful shot, congratulated the gunners on their victory and promised to nominate them for a government award.

Instead of an officer, the capital sent a well-versed serf service to Solovki in April fireworks artillery brigade of Moses Rykov.

“But we don’t have one soldier, Nikolai Petrovich,” said a black figure, approaching me, whom I recognized only by his voice as a platoon leader. fireworks Maksimova.

In the presence of many people, the grenade was removed from the roof and discharged by artillery fireworks M.

The same Maksimov who was now fireworks, told me that when, 10 years ago, he came as a recruit, and the old drinking soldiers drank away the money he had with him, Zhdanov, noticing his unfortunate situation, called him to him, severely reprimanded him for his behavior, even beat him , read the instructions on how to live as a soldier, and let him go, giving him a shirt, which Maksimov no longer had, and half a piece of money.

) V artillery parts Russian Imperial Army, as well as in some foreign armies armed forces states

Story

Appeared in the Russian army at the beginning 18th century, initially only in "funny" shelves and equaled to army artillery rank corporal.

Artillery fireworks were thoroughly prepared both theoretically and especially practically to perform the duties of the immediate commander of the gun and to replace the platoon commander commander; they quickly and accurately carried out aiming and shooting commands, provided excellent leadership and monitored the execution of duties calculation with guns and charging boxes. Fireworks were indispensable assistants officers and served as an example for everyone soldier batteries in the sense of practical knowledge services, consciousness of duty and dedication.
- Barsukov E. Z.

In the Russian artillery, the highest non-commissioned officer rank, introduced by Peter I in the amusing regiments at the very end of the 17th and beginning of the 18th centuries, was enshrined in law by the “Military Charter” on March 30 ( April 10th) of the year. The functions of the rank included command of an artillery platoon, that is, a crew of two guns, and had under his command vice-fireweakers. Titled "Mr. Fireworker". By royal decree, on November 8, 1796, he was renamed senior fireworker.

IN foot artillery- gun fireworks assigned lanyard made of white leather with the same brush.

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Notes

Literature

// Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 tons (82 tons and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
// Small Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 4 volumes - St. Petersburg. , 1907-1909.
PSZ I. T. 5 No. 3006, T. 25 No. 18430, 18934;
Orders for the military department for 1796, St. Petersburg. , 1797;
Ganichev P. P. Military ranks. M., 1989;
Stas A.K. Russian historical mosaic: Ranks, titles and titles of the Russian Empire. M., 1992

Excerpt characterizing Fireworks

The Viscount bowed in submission and smiled courteously. Anna Pavlovna made a circle around the Viscount and invited everyone to listen to his story.
“Le vicomte a ete personnellement connu de monseigneur, [The Viscount was personally acquainted with the Duke,” Anna Pavlovna whispered to one. “Le vicomte est un parfait conteur,” she said to the other. “Comme on voit l"homme de la bonne compagnie [How a man of good society is seen now],” she said to the third; and the Viscount was served to society in the most elegant and favorable light, like roast beef on a hot platter, sprinkled with herbs.
The Viscount was about to begin his story and smiled subtly.
“Come here, chere Helene, [dear Helene],” said Anna Pavlovna to the beautiful princess, who was sitting at a distance, forming the center of another circle.
Princess Helen smiled; she rose with the same unchanging smile of a completely beautiful woman with whom she entered the living room. Slightly rustling with her white ball gown, decorated with ivy and moss, and shining with the whiteness of her shoulders, the gloss of her hair and diamonds, she walked between the parted men and straight, not looking at anyone, but smiling at everyone and, as if kindly granting everyone the right to admire the beauty of her figure , full shoulders, very open, according to the fashion of that time, chest and back, and as if bringing with her the glitter of the ball, she approached Anna Pavlovna. Helen was so beautiful that not only was there not a shadow of coquetry visible in her, but, on the contrary, she seemed ashamed of her undoubted and too powerfully and victoriously effective beauty. It was as if she wanted and could not diminish the effect of her beauty. Quelle belle personne! [What a beauty!] - said everyone who saw her.
As if struck by something extraordinary, the Viscount shrugged his shoulders and lowered his eyes while she sat down in front of him and illuminated him with the same unchanging smile.
“Madame, je crains pour mes moyens devant un pareil auditoire, [I really fear for my abilities in front of such an audience,” he said, tilting his head with a smile.
The princess leaned her open full hand on the table and did not find it necessary to say anything. She waited smiling. Throughout the story, she sat upright, occasionally looking at her full, beautiful hand, which had changed its shape from the pressure on the table, or at her even more beautiful chest, on which she was adjusting the diamond necklace; she straightened the folds of her dress several times and, when the story made an impression, looked back at Anna Pavlovna and immediately took on the same expression that was on the face of the maid of honor, and then again calmed down in a radiant smile. Following Helen, the little princess walked from the tea table.
“Attendez moi, je vais prendre mon ouvrage, [Wait, I’ll take my work,” she said. – Voyons, a quoi pensez vous? - she turned to Prince Hippolyte: - apportez moi mon ridicule. [What are you thinking about? Bring me my reticule.]
The princess, smiling and talking to everyone, suddenly made a rearrangement and, sitting down, cheerfully recovered.